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Some grammar for dummies (like me)

I have learnt from my experience of reading (too few than I am supposed to) papers, that the secret to good writing is to expand your cache of verbs. Not to mention the correct usage of prepositions. (I can never tell if I should write secret to good writing or secret for good writing.)

that+verb Vs. verb-ing

that+verb should be used while introducing a new subject or before a new clause that requires qualifying a specific action being referred to a subject. Simply put, use that+verb to qualify an action.

Ex: She admitted that she made a mistake

verb+ing should be used when the subject is already understood.

Ex: He enjoys reading

to+verb Vs. for+verb+ing

to+verb indicates the purpose or intention of an action.

Ex: He shouldn’t have joined the army to impress people.

for+verb+ing describes the reason or function of something

Ex: HE is known for singing beautifully

that Vs. which

that should be used for restrictive clauses. A restrictive clause is something that limits the meaning of a noun.

Ex: The song that you performed right before intermission is my favorite.

which should be used for non-restrictive clauses. A non-restrictive clause simply supplies additional information to the noun.

Ex: These pairs of pants, which no longer fit me, should be given away.

should be Vs. has to

should be means less strict obligation.

Ex: The room should be cleaned weekly (it’s recommended but not mandatory)

has to is more strict and is mandatory

Ex: The form has to be submitted by Friday (it’s absolutely required, no exceptions)

Must vs Should

Must must indicate a strong obligation or requirement, often with a rule or law involved.

Should indicates a recommendation, leaving room for personal choice and indicating a higher degree of permissibility.

When to Use “The” in Written Text

Use “the” when referring to something specific or previously mentioned:

Use “the” with superlatives and ordinals:

Use “the” with certain geographical features:

Use “the” with plural proper nouns:

Use “the” when context makes something definite:

DON’T use “the” with:

Key Principle

Use “the” when both you and your reader know which specific thing you’re talking about.